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A curb bit is one of the basic types of bit used on a bridle and works by leverage, meaning that it multiplies the pressure applied by the rider. This is what makes it different from a snaffle bit, which applies direct rein pressure from the riders hand to the horses mouth. It features a bit mouthpiece, a curb chain and shank. The shank has one ring on each side of the purchase arm as well as on its lever arm.

The bit mouthpiece is the part of a curb bit where the curb chain, shanks and straps are attached. It rests on the bars of the mouth of the horse in the sensitive interdental space where there are no teeth. It acts on the bars, tongue and roof of the mouth of the horse.

The curb chain, also known as the curb strap, is a piece of horse tack that runs under the chin groove of the horse. It has a buckle or hook attachment and is attached between the bit shank purchase arms. Its main purpose it to control the lever action of the curb bit. It also helps keep the bit steady and in place within the mouth and helps hold the lip strap in place.

A bit shank is a cheekpiece of a curb bit, which adds leverage and place pressure on the poll through the crown piece of the bridle. This is where the bridle and the reins are attached. Shanks are typically made of metal and are designed straight or curved.

Among several curb bits, the most common types are the Weymouth curb, grazing bit and spade bit. Weymouth curb has straight shank and mouthpiece with a low port and is commonly used in a double bridle. The grazing bit has turned back shanks, which allow the horse to graze. A spade bit is a highly technical piece of equipment designed with straight shanks and a mouthpiece with straight bar, a narrow port with cricket and a spoon.

There are several variables that can cause the severity of the curb bit. One is the length of the shank, and two, is the size of the port. The length of the bit shank can amplify rein pressure. A port, which is the area in the middle of the mouthpiece that is usually slightly raised, places more pressure on the bars.

The tightness or looseness of the curb chain also affects the severity of the bit. The tighter the curb chain, the more pressure will be felt by the horse when the rider uses the rein. When the chain is tightened, the shank does not come back as far and more pressure is felt sooner with this adjustment. However, when the curb chain is loose, the shank comes back farther when the rider pulls the rein but the horse does not feel the pressure on the chin area as soon or as much.